Squaring Up a Deck

Squaring Up A Deck With Two Tape Measures

DEAR TIM: I’m going to build a deck. Don’t try to stop me. I’ve got many questions for you. First, what’s the smallest size a deck can be and still have a table on it for eating? How does one figure out where to put the support posts for the beam out at the end of the deck? There’s little room for error even with a 12-inch-diameter concrete pier. What about attaching the deck to the house? Leslie B., Albany, GA

Leslie is on top of her game asking all the right questions. As you might suspect, I look at every deck I go on. First, I try to look underneath it to make sure it’s safe to be on. Then I start to look at all sorts of other things.

How Big Should A Deck Be?

It’s important to realize that most decks are built too small. The deck on my own home is only 10-feet wide but it’s 65-feet long. I didn’t build the house I’m currently in and didn’t build this existing deck. However, I did build a second deck attached to the first one three years ago. This new deck I built extends out 16 feet from the other deck and it’s 24-feet wide.

I maintain the smallest size deck you can build and have a table on it for four people is 12-feet by 12-feet. This assumes the table will be 4-feet in diameter. You can easily visualize this by just going into your own dining room or kitchen and look at your table. There needs to be enough room behind each chair when a person is seated so other people can walk behind them without being scrunched. You’ll soon discover you need 4 feet of space from the edge of the table to the deck railing to accomplish this. 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 feet!

You’d be very wise to make your deck 14 feet or even 16 feet out from your house. You’ll never regret the extra space.

What Size Deck Posts Should Be Used?

Deck posts need to rest on concrete piers that extend down beneath the frost line in your area. Many people use round heavy cardboard tubes that resemble a giant straw as the form for the pier. It’s quite common to see a 12-inch diameter pier. I prefer to use 6x6-inch posts to support all of my decks. I do this because I like to create an L-shaped notch at the top of the post for my deck support beam to rest on the post and be through-bolted to the vertical part of the L.

A 12-inch concrete pier only allows you to have about 3 inches of concrete showing around the edge of a 6x6-inch wood post if you get it perfectly centered! This is not an easy task if you try to take measurements away from the house and if the ground is falling away from the house.

How Do You Determine The Location Of Deck Support Posts?

Years ago I discovered a very simple way to determine the exact location of deck support posts. I would just bang together the outer frame of the deck. This meant you had to attach the ledger board to the house and then nail or screw together the other three joists to create the square or rectangular frame.

I’d temporarily add simple 2x4 legs on the two joists that extended out from the house and level the frame. Next, I’d square it up using a helper or two. You don’t have to know calculus or deep math to do this. All that’s required is you have the two joists projecting out from the house the same length and whatever length the house ledger board is, make sure the outer parallel joist is the same length as the ledger board.

Take two tape measures and extend them across the deck from the corners making a giant X. When the two measurements from each tip of the corners are the same, the deck is square. Shift the frame until you get the measurements to be the same. Once the frame is square, nail a few 8-foot long 2x4s at a diagonal across at least two of the corners so the frame doesn’t move.

With the frame level and square, you can now extend a level down to the ground from the two outer corners of the deck. With these two points precisely marked on the ground, you can start to locate where your posts need to be. Your structural design may have your beam in several feet so the outer portion of the deck is cantilevered. No matter what your beam location, you can see how you’ll be able to use strings on the ground now to perfectly locate the center of the concrete piers so your posts are centered on the piers.

What Do You Use To Attach The Ledger Board To Your Home?

Attaching the ledger board to your home is the hardest part of the job. Many a person has been seriously injured in deck collapses caused by a lack of attention to detail of this extremely important structural connection.

Simpson Strong-Tie is an American company that makes a wide variety of metal connectors you’ll probably use to build your deck. They have a fantastic library of technical notes and drawings that show you how to use special connectors and threaded rod to ensure your new deck doesn’t pull away or drop down to the ground in the future.

Years ago I also created a helpful drawing that’s at my AsktheBuilder.com website. It shows you how to flash the deck ledger board against the house. It’s the only drawing I’ve ever seen that incorporates small fire cuts on the top of the joists. These cuts allow the deck flashing to drop down over the ledger board and have the all-important kick-out lip on the flashing. Go look at the drawing now so your house doesn’t rot out!

Column 1329

SPONSORS /